Public Health Practices

Stockpiling Protective Equipment Allows Campus to Supply University Hospital with Masks during H1N1

The University of Michigan began planning for an influenza pandemic 3 to 4 years ago. At the time, planners noticed that there was a lack of clear guidelines about the storage and use of droplet protection, such as masks, respirators, and gowns, said Robert Winfield, MD, Director of the University Health Service and Chief Health Officer of the University of Michigan. The University of Michigan Health System hospital had begun to stockpile masks and respirators.

New Guidelines and On-Campus Resources Lead to Provision of Alcohol-Free Hand Sanitizer on Campus

During the H1N1 pandemic, the University of Michigan developed policies and practices around provision of alcohol-free hand sanitizer. In April 2009, the University of Michigan was planning for its spring graduation ceremonies. Planners realized that students' families from all over the nation and world would be visiting during graduation.

Health Department Mini-Grants to Colleges and Universities

In a time of extensive budget and program cuts, many universities were also hit hard by the financial costs of the H1N1 pandemic. Health departments generally provided H1N1 and seasonal influenza vaccine at no cost to institutions of higher education. However, colleges and universities bore the financial burden of other response efforts, such as communications campaigns, equipment and supplies for vaccine clinics, and costs associated with isolating ill students.

Partnerships Introduce Students to Emergency Response

In spring 2009, at the start of the H1N1 influenza pandemic, an H1N1 Committee was formed at the University of Toledo (UT) in Ohio. Committee members quickly recognized two valuable resources in the fight against pandemic influenza: students and community partnerships.

SurveyMonkey Used for Campus Vaccine Registration

Conducting mass H1N1 vaccination at Michigan State University (MSU)-one of the Big 10 universities-required thoughtful planning. A population of approximately 47,000 students, an unpredictable supply of vaccine, and national guidelines that changed frequently all contributed to a complex vaccine distribution strategy.

H1N1 Essential Personnel Recommendation

In December 2008, before the first case of H1N1 pandemic influenza was discovered, Purdue University drafted a plan that outlines how essential and non-essential employees would access its campuses. The plan, developed by Purdue's Pandemic Preparedness Committee, includes a useful appendix: Essential Function Staff Recommendation. The document provides a system of color-coding employee groups that may enhance public health and emergency preparedness planning.

Options-Based Planning Allows Flexible H1N1 Response

The Ohio State University (OSU) developed an "options-based" pandemic plan that allowed staff to coordinate H1N1 response in a flexible and creative manner.

Nursing Students Provide Majority of Vaccine Given on Campus

Savvy planning and resource use helped Pennsylvania State University (PSU) make the best of the challenge of holding mass vaccination clinics. A key part of PSU's success was including upper-level nursing students as vaccinators.

Students Serve as Peer Educators

The University of Chicago developed a system in April 2009 for having students assist with education and management in H1N1 vaccine clinics. The students, called Peer Health Educators, or PHEs, worked in the clinics while providing key hygiene and self-care education information to people throughout campus.

Quality Improvement Redesign a Tool in Pandemic Planning and Response

The University of Chicago needed to act quickly in late April 2009 when it discovered a Medical Center staff member was diagnosed with H1N1 as cases of the virus were appearing in California and Mexico. Lacking complete knowledge about the scope of the outbreak and the morbidity and mortality rate, Student Care Center (SCC) director Dr.

Malcolm Gladwell Theory Employed in Vaccine Distribution

Maps, guides, and arrows formed the basis of the University of Chicago pandemic flu vaccination distribution plan in April 2009. The plan driving the distribution was inspired by Malcolm Gladwell's "The Tipping Point: How Little Things Can Make a Big Difference". University public health planners used strategies from the bestselling book to maximize seasonal influenza vaccine distribution information.

Students Developed Housing Plan in Response to H1N1

The 2009 H1N1 pandemic flu outbreak forced the University of Chicago to make immediate housing plans after the flu virus was first identified in California and Mexico. So, when H1N1 hit in 2009, two things happened that influenced their response strategy immediately, said Dr. Kristine Bordenave, director of the Student Care Center (SCC): One, the university had one of the first H1N1 infections in the nation, a hospital staff member; and two, the timing of the academic year.

Internal Memoranda of Understanding for Point of Dispensing Sites

Memoranda of Understanding have been developed and signed between internal university departments related to the use of facilities for Point of Dispensing (POD) sites. These departments are: Health Center, Environmental Health & Public Safety Department, Physical Facilities Department, Vice President of Student Services, and Recreation Sports Center.

Mass Clinic Approach Evolved to Meet Needs

During the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic, Purdue University developed and tested specific floor plans for designated Points of Dispensing (POD) sites on campus. According to Ron Wright, director of Campus Emergency Preparedness and Planning, "The draft plans were used as a guideline as they were a 'work in progress' at the time of the H1N1 pandemic. The plans were adjusted as needed and will be finalized with the next revision of our Integrated Emergency Operations Plan."

Memorandum of Understanding for Prophylaxis During Public Health Emergencies

A memorandum has been developed and signed between Purdue University and the Tippecanoe County Health Department that allocates responsibility between the Health Department and the University for activities related to the prophylaxis of students, employees, dependents, and others according to eligibility guidelines as determined by the health department in the event of a public health emergency.

American Red Cross Student Chapter H1N1 Project

During two days at the beginning of the H1N1 outbreak in fall 2009, members of the Purdue Chapter of the American Red Cross, along with other student volunteers, distributed brief informational materials on H1N1 to students while riding CityBus vehicles on routes serving the campus. The students also gave passengers four ounce bottles of waterless hand sanitizer.

Medical Reserve Corps Assists with Vaccination Clinics

The University of Minnesota created a process for requesting and deploying Medical Reserve Corps members to staff mass vaccination clinics during H1N1. MRC members helped with logistics, registration and screening, and client flow, allowing nurses to focus solely on  administering injections.

Health Department Operations Center

Per the National Incident Management System (NIMS), Department Operations Centers (DOC) are established and activated by individual departments to coordinate and control actions specific to that department during an emergency event. A DOC is a physical facility or location similar to the campus Emergency Operations Center (EOC). However, the purpose of a DOC is to manage and coordinate events specific to that department.

Online Scheduling System for Vaccinations

After several walk-in clinics took place at the University of Minnesota, planners identified a need to regulate client flow and reduce wait times. Planners responded by quickly shifting to an online block scheduling system. The system allowed clients to register for a 15-minute block of time to receive a vaccination; within each time block, clients were vaccinated on a first-come, first-served basis. The system worked well.

Student Health Advocates Also Address H1N1

A Health Advocate is a student appointed as a health resource in his or her residence hall or apartment community, fraternity, or sorority. Health Advocates attend weekly classes at the student health service, where they are specially trained to respond to common health-related issues. They share information and prevention strategies with other students in their hall or house and also refer students to other health resources on campus.

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