The United States has been in a "protracted health crisis" for decades, the researchers say.
Plaque growth can lead to a higher risk of heart attack, stroke, and other life-threatening cardiovascular events for as long as 1 year.
Post-exertional malaise, or exercise intolerance, was seen in 36% of those with long COVID.
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The highest risk of developing long COVID was seen among patients infected with the original strain of the virus, when no vaccines were available.
Over 90% of COVID-19 survivors had no neutralizing antibody activity at 10 months, implying that they had lost protection from reinfection.
A lower risk of severe COVID-19 reinfection and hospitalization was seen with a longer time since dengue infection.
The effects were especially apparent among 16-year-olds, those with parents with lower educational attainment, and those with lower genetic susceptibility to depression.
Children with a vaccine-hesitant parent varied by vaccine: 56% for COVID, 31% for flu, 30% for HPV, and 12% for other childhood illnesses.
Type 1 diabetes incidence was 8.6 per 100 person-years during, versus before, the pandemic among uninfected participants and 14.0 among the infected.
The findings showed lower risks of death, intensive care unit admission, and need for ventilation among Paxlovid recipients.
Several factors before pregnancy were linked to an increased likelihood of developing long COVID, most notably obesity.
Wastewater levels are now at the high level, as other COVID indicators rise, especially in seniors and in western states.
Migrants, refugees, and internally displaced people have an 84% higher COVID-19 infection rate and a 46% higher death rate, data reveal.
