The risk of long COVID was two to three times higher after the initial infection (14.8%) than after first (5.8%) or second (5.3%) reinfections.
Plaque growth can lead to a higher risk of heart attack, stroke, and other life-threatening cardiovascular events for as long as 1 year.
Post-exertional malaise, or exercise intolerance, was seen in 36% of those with long COVID.
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Out-of-pocket costs could range from $1,500 to $3,800, depending on insurance.
Elsewhere, countries in Eastern Europe are fighting surges, including Russia, Romania, Hungary, and Latvia.
Cold weather is likely driving more people inside in those states, leading to heightened virus transmission.
SARS-CoV-2 dose may affect infection rates, but current data do not show an association between viral dose and COVID-19 severity, according to a review of more than 100 SARS-CoV-2 studies that looks at COVID-19 infectious dose, viral load, severity, and variants.
Experts detail the necessary elements of a rigorous mask study and explore some recent studies that, though highly touted by both scientists and the lay press, fell quite a bit short.
For the roughly 14 million Americans who have received one J&J dose, the booster should be given at least 2 months later.
"Unfortunately, the public health workers who are the most experienced are also the ones who are the most burned out."
Also, vaccine mandates hit some snags as the rate of Americans getting booster shots nears 5%.
A 17-study literature review looking at vaccine effectiveness (VE) during the Delta (B1617.2) variant shows a pooled VE of 90.9% versus hospitalization with a 75.7% and 63.1% VE against symptomatic and asymptomatic infection, respectively.
Part 1 of a 2-part commentary explains the differences in cloth face coverings and surgical masks, the science of respiratory protection, and the hierarchy of disease controls.
