One new MERS case reported in Saudi Arabia; WHO details recent cases
Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Health (MOH) reported a new MERS-CoV case today. This raises the number of MERS cases recorded this month to 11.
The case involves a 74-year-old man from Hafar Al Batin whose exposure to MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus) is listed as primary, meaning it is unlikely he contracted the virus from another person. The MOH said the man had camel contact, a known risk factor for MERS.
Yesterday the World Health Organization (WHO) published a report on MERS cases recorded in December and January in Saudi Arabia. In total there were 19 cases and 8 deaths. Of note was a six-person hospital cluster in Aseer that included 3 healthcare workers, 2 patients, and 1 visitor. One infected person in this cluster died on Feb 4.
The WHO said that, since 2012, it has received reports of 2,519 laboratory-confirmed MERS-CoV infection cases, with 866 associated deaths. The vast majority of these cases have been in Saudi Arabia.
Feb 25 Saudi MOH report
Feb 24 WHO report
FDA approves first adjuvanted 4-strain seasonal flu vaccine for seniors
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the first adjuvanted quadrivalent (four-strain) seasonal influenza vaccine for people 65 years and older, Fluad Quadrivalent, according to manufacturer Seqirus, Inc.
The vaccine includes Seqirus's MF59 adjuvant, which is an immune-boosting additive, according to a news release yesterday from Seqirus, based in Summit, New Jersey. "Adults 65 years and older are at high risk for influenza-related complications each season and it is important to have influenza vaccines to help protect this vulnerable population," said Anjana Narain, Seqirus executive vice president and general manager.
Unpublished data presented by Seqirus in December showed that Fluad Quadrivalent is more effective in reducing flu-related hospitalizations than a trivalent (three-strain) influenza vaccine (TIV) in adults 65 and older living in nursing facilities in 2016-17. In the study, 823 nursing facilities were randomly assigned to offer Fluad (21,278 residents) or a TIV (21,269 residents), and Fluad was 20% more effective than TIV in reducing influenza- and pneumonia-related hospitalizations.
Older adults are at elevated risk for complications from influenza. During the 2017-18 influenza season, 70% of influenza-related hospitalizations and 90% of related deaths occurred in this age range, Seqirus said. The vaccine also tends to be less effective in seniors because of their reduced immune response.
Feb 24 Seqirus news release
Dec 10, 2019, CIDRAP Flu Scan on earlier data
Study: No need for adult tetanus, diphtheria booster if vaccinated as kids
Adults fully vaccinated as children can safely forego tetanus and diphtheria booster shots, according to a study published February 25 in Clinical Infectious Diseases.
After comparing data from millions of people in 31 North American and European countries from 2001 and 2016, researchers at the Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU) identified no statistically significant difference in disease rates in countries that require boosters for adults and those that don't. The investigators compared adults in countries that vaccinate adults against the two diseases every 5 to 20 years with those that don't.
The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention calls for boosters every 10 years, but the World Health Organization recently recommended boosters only for adults who didn't receive a full series as children.
"To be clear, this study is pro-vaccine," says the study's lead author, Mark Slifka, PhD, a professor of microbiology and immunology at OHSU, in a school news relese. "Everyone should get their series of tetanus and diphtheria shots when they're children. But once they have done that, our data indicates they should be protected for life."
The study follows one that Slifka and colleagues published in 2016 involving 546 adults, which demonstrated that the vaccine produces at least 30 years of protective immunity.
The United States could save roughly $1 billion each year in medical costs if it required fewer vaccinations in adults, the researchers said in the news release. It could also allow improved allocation of healthcare resources in countries with low vaccination rates.
Tetanus affects about 30 people in the United States each year, with 1 or 2 out of 10 cases leading to death. Diphtheria has been reported in only five people in the United States over the past decade, and about 1 in 10 cases is fatal.
Feb 25 Clin Infect Dis abstract
Feb 25 OHSU news release
Mar 21, 2016, previous study
High-path avian flu kills poultry in Vietnam, Poland, and Bulgaria
Vietnam, Poland, and Bulgaria all reported multiple outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian flu, according to the latest reports from the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE).
Animal health officials in Vietnam confirmed 13 H5N6 outbreaks in village flocks ranging from 37 to 4,075 poultry, all in the north. Six outbreaks are in Thanh Hoa province, 2 in Ha Noi, and 1 each in Bac Ninh, Ninh Binh, Thai Binh, Nghe An, and Hai Pong provinces. The outbreaks began Feb 15 to Feb 21. All told, the virus sickened 6,680 birds and killed 4,274 among 25,375 susceptible poultry.
Poland, meanwhile, confirmed seven H5N8 outbreaks in the country's midsection affecting more than 170,000 birds. The seven affected farms are in five provinces (voivodeships), with the outbreaks beginning on Feb 7 through Feb 22. The virus struck 47,254 poultry and killed 35,286 across all the farms, out of a total of 170,389 birds. The surviving birds were culled to prevent further disease spread.
The same virus struck two farms in Bulgaria yesterday, both in Plovdiv province in south central Bulgaria. One housed more than 11,000 birds and the second almost five times that number. The high-path H5N8 virus killed 54 poultry on both farms combined, out of 67,037 birds. This is the first report of this avian flu strain in the country.
Feb 25 OIE report on H5N6 in Vietnam
Feb 25 OIE report on H5N8 in Poland
Feb 24 OIE report on H5N8 in Bulgaria