The authors of the pandemic readiness report point to surges of H5N1 in mammals and of mpox deaths in DR Congo children as some of the latest threats in the face of preparedness gaps.
Recent healthcare system advancements such as higher vaccination uptake and public health interventions likely contributed to the decline, the authors say.
Objective definitions of medical stability guide decisions on safe hospital release, the authors say.
The return on investment of up to $4,637 per vaccination course translates to billions of dollars in net monetary benefits to society, the authors say.
Data from 90 US hospitals show an overall 8.3% mortality rate for patients with invasive pneumococcal disease and non-invasive, all-cause pneumonia.
At 48 hospitals in Michigan, 1 in 8 adult patients treated for pneumonia had an improper diagnosis, and most of them received a full course of antibiotics.
Clinical trial and real-world data indicate the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine candidate V116 covers the serotypes responsible for most pneumococcal disease in older adults.
A literature review found pneumococcal conjugate vaccines were associated with some protection against flu and other viral respiratory tract infections.
The results of a randomized trial suggests rapid syndromic PCR tests could complement or replace culture-based diagnostic methods for pneumonia.
At least half of US adults hospitalized with uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia in 2020 received 7 days or more of antibiotics.
