The risk of long COVID was two to three times higher after the initial infection (14.8%) than after first (5.8%) or second (5.3%) reinfections.
Plaque growth can lead to a higher risk of heart attack, stroke, and other life-threatening cardiovascular events for as long as 1 year.
Post-exertional malaise, or exercise intolerance, was seen in 36% of those with long COVID.
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The team will collect more than 20,000 samples from wildlife such as eastern chipmunks, gray squirrels, and raccoons.
"Other services," manufacturing, transportation, and retail trade also had higher death rates.
Effectiveness against symptomatic COVID-19 was 75% in previously infected participants and 31% among those never infected.
This is the first study to quantify the effect of chronic diseases on racial disparity in COVID-associated hospitalizations, the authors say.
Among survey respondents, 64% reported very good to excellent hospital support for their infection prevention and control programs, but 49% said they were burned out.
The 5-year grant was awarded to the Icahn School of Medicine.
Though the biggest impacts are among oldest and youngest people, the data show disease burden across all age groups.
Immunity from prior infections is stronger at limiting contagiousness, but fades quickly, compared to immunity from vaccines, which was longer-lasting.
Of all patients, 11%, 22%, and 48% of those with mild, moderate, or severe/critical COVID-19, respectively, had impaired lung function.
COVID-19 brought a glut of scientific literature, especially through preprint servers such as medRxiv and bioRxiv.
