News Scan for Jul 17, 2015

News brief
Topics
Ebola
MERS-CoV
Viral Hemorrhagic Fever

Study indicates 5-month hospital transmission in Riyadh

Data from a hospital outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) cases last spring suggest continuous healthcare-associated transmission for several months, a study today in Emerging Infectious Diseases noted.

Scientists from the King Fahad Medical City (KFMC) in Riyadh and the University of Hong Kong analyzed an outbreak at KFMC from Mar 29 through May 21, 2014. The outbreak involved 45 MERS-CoV patients: 8 infected outside KFMC, 13 long-term patients at KFMC, 23 healthcare workers, and 1 patient who had an indeterminate source of infection.

Comparison of 10 full-length MERS-CoV sequences and a partial sequence with other MERS-CoV sequences, as well as epidemiologic data, indicated multiple external introductions. Analysis also demonstrated that the outbreak was part of a larger one involving multiple healthcare facilities in Riyadh—including the Prince Sultan Military Medical City and King Khalid University Hospital—and "possibly arose from a single zoonotic transmission event that occurred in December 2013," the authors concluded.

"This finding suggested continued healthcare–associated transmission for 5 months," they wrote.

The investigators also reported a periodicity in peaks of transmission of about 7 days apart, which is compatible with the known incubation period. And they noted that KFMC's emergency department and one of its wards were the foci of transmission.
Jul 17 Emerg Infect Dis study

 

Global health security expert challenges WHO expert panel report

The report released 10 days ago by an independent panel on the World Health Organization's (WHO's) response to West Africa's Ebola epidemic failed to adequately address the problems in global health leadership that it brought to light, a leading expert on global health and security said today in a commentary from Chatham House, the UK's Royal Institute of International Affairs.

David P. Fidler, JD, an international law specialist at Indiana University and an associate fellow of Chatham House's Centre on Global Health Security, said the outbreak was a "disaster" for the International Health Regulations (IHR), which the WHO report noted. But the expert panel writing the report "largely recycled old, ineffective ideas and reflected weak analysis of the outbreak," Fidler wrote.

The panel recommended a funding plan to address IHR-related shortcomings in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone that contributed to the ineffective response. But the independent committee did not analyze why previous funding calls went unheeded, how Ebola might present unique challenges, or why IHR capacity-building deserves high priority, Fidler said.

The panel also called for exploring sanctions against WHO member states that adopt travel and trade restrictions that violate the IHR, but sanctions have not worked in the past and the panel provided no alternatives that might work, Fidler noted.

Fidler also wrote that the expert panel also recommended reforms beyond the IHR, "but its recommendations provided no priorities among the proposals made."

Chatham House is an independent policy institute based in London.
Jul 17 Chatham House commentary
Jul 7 CIDRAP News story "WHO independent panel calls out Ebola response flaws"

Food Outbreak Scan for Jul 17, 2015

News brief
Topics
Foodborne Disease
Salmonella
Cyclospora

CDC: Salmonella outbreak tied to raw chicken products grows to 7

An outbreak of Salmonella infections linked to raw, frozen, stuffed chicken products has grown to seven cases, with Oklahoma announcing its first case, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said yesterday in an update.

Totals are now five cases in Minnesota and one each in Wisconsin and Oklahoma. Two of the patients have required hospitalization. Illness-onset dates range from Apr 5 to Jun 23.

The outbreak is linked to raw, frozen, stuffed chicken entrees like chicken Kiev made by Barber Foods of Portland, Me., the CDC said. The company has recalled more than 1.7 million pounds of products because of the outbreak.

The Minnesota Department of Health and Minnesota Department of Agriculture (MDA) collected 15 samples of unopened frozen chicken entrees produced by Barber Foods from retail locations for lab testing. MDA scientists isolated Salmonella from 14 of these samples and the outbreak strain from 1 sample.

The CDC said in its update yesterday that there are two separate outbreaks involving Salmonella Enteritidis and raw, frozen, and stuffed chicken entrees.

On Jun 15 the US Department of Agriculture announced that a second company, Aspen Foods, a subsidiary of Koch Poultry Co. of Chicago, recalled 1.98 million pounds of frozen, raw, stuffed, and breaded chicken entrees that may be likewise contaminated with the outbreak strain of Salmonella Enteritidis.
Jul 16 CDC update
Jul 16 CIDRAP News scan on Aspen recall

 

Texas Cyclospora outbreak now at 182 cases

The Texas Department of State Health Services (TDSHS) reported 21 new Cyclospora infections in recent days, lifting the outbreak total to 182 cases, the agency said today in an update.

So far 35 of the state's 254 counties have reported cases, with Travis County, which includes Austin, reporting by far the most illnesses, with 77. Dallas County is second with 14.

Cyclosporiasis is a parasitic infection caused by consuming contaminated food or water. Its main symptom is watery diarrhea that can last from days to months.

A similar outbreak in Texas last summer resulted in 200 illnesses, some of which were tied to cilantro from Mexico's Puebla region.
Jul 17 TDSHS update
Jul 14 CIDRAP News scan on previous update

This week's top reads

  1. Vietnam reports H5N1 avian flu case with encephalitis

    Tests on respiratory samples were negative, but results were positive for the cerebrospinal fluid sample.

    Lisa Schnirring
    ICU monitors

  2. Studies detail high rates of long COVID among healthcare, dental workers

    The most common symptom reported by healthcare workers was fatigue.

    Stephanie Soucheray
    health worker in mask

  3. Top virologists urge world leaders to act on rising avian flu threat

    Global Virus Network scientists highlight the need for robust surveillance, enhanced biosecurity, and readiness for potential human-to-human viral transmission.

    Mary Van Beusekom

  4. CIDRAP launches Vaccine Integrity Project to help safeguard US vaccine use

    The steering committee will make recommendations on how non-governmental groups can help ensure that vaccine use is evidence-based.

    Mary Van Beusekom
    MMR vaccine vial on table

  5. US measles cases climb higher, approach 900

    Thirty states have cases, and 83% of infections are part of outbreaks, the largest centered  in West Texas.

    Lisa Schnirring
    young boy with measles

  6. Tick-borne meat allergy may be related to urbanization in mid-Atlantic US

    The study identified open-space development and low population density as risk factors for Alpha-gal syndrome. 

    Mary Van Beusekom
    Lone star tick

  7. USDA withdraws proposal to reduce Salmonella in poultry

    The Biden-era rule would have prevented the sale of raw chicken or turkey with certain levels or strains of Salmonella.

    Chris Dall
    Raw poultry in processing plant

  8. New agreement geared toward universal avian flu vaccine

    The mRNA vaccine targets all major clades of the H5 avian flu subtype.

    Stephanie Soucheray

  9. Quick takes: Mpox outbreak in Malawi, more H5N1 in Idaho and California dairy cows

    The cases in Malawi bring the number of African countries affected by mpox to 23.

    Lisa Schnirring

  10. Measles cases in Europe, the Americas skyrocket

    Almost 90% of the European cases were reported in Romania.

    Stephanie Soucheray
    measles vax

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