The risk of long COVID was two to three times higher after the initial infection (14.8%) than after first (5.8%) or second (5.3%) reinfections.
Plaque growth can lead to a higher risk of heart attack, stroke, and other life-threatening cardiovascular events for as long as 1 year.
Post-exertional malaise, or exercise intolerance, was seen in 36% of those with long COVID.
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The authors say neither a human nor animal origin can be ruled out.
The ECDC said though no clear seasonal circulation pattern has emerged, COVID's impact has been higher in the fall and winter.
The relative risks in some UK ethnic groups were higher earlier in the pandemic but shifted toward White, higher-income groups in a later wave.
The policy change would apply to those at highest risk, including people older than 65 and those with weakened immune systems.
The risk of hospitalization or death by 28 days was 4.6% among the 2,571 mAb recipients, compared with 7.6% among the 5,135 matched control patients (risk ratio, 0.61).
Taking substantial sick leave may be a proxy for long COVID, offering another data point for measuring the burden of the complication.
Though illness levels are declining in much of the world, they are on the rise in some countries including India and a handful of Middle East countries.
The authors said a range of factors--biological, psychological, or social--might trigger and maintain long COVID symptoms.
The variants predate the use of the drugs, appeared independently in multiple world regions, and are capable of spreading.
Babies born to moms who had COVID had lower BMIs at first, but weight rose steeply through infancy, a possible harbinger of problems in later life.
