Ready-to-eat mini pastries imported from Canada are tied to a new Salmonella Enteritidis outbreak in the United States, according to a notice from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). So far 8 illnesses in seven states have been reported.

The Sweet Cream brand mini pastries are manufactured in Italy and exported into the United States by PCD (Piu Che Dolci) Imports of Laval, Quebec, which issued a recall in January. The pastries were distributed in Florida, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania and also served at catered events.

Of the 18 people sickened in this outbreak, 1 person has been hospitalized and no deaths have been reported. Of the 5 people interviewed by investigators, 3 reported eating pastries before getting sick, the FDA said. The last illness-onset date is December 6, 2024.

The pastries were served and sold to food service locations, including hotel cafes, bakeries, institutions, and restaurants, according to the FDA, with best-by dates ranging from June 17, 2025, to November 15, 2025.

The recalled product should no longer be available for sale, and there does not appear to be a continued public health risk for consumers.

"The firm has directly notified customers who received the recalled product, and the recalled product should no longer be available for sale," the FDA said. "FDA is continuing to work with Importations Piu Che Dolci Inc. and their U.S. customers to determine the distribution of this product and if additional downstream recalls are necessary. The recalled product should no longer be available for sale, and there does not appear to be a continued public health risk for consumers."

69 people sickened in Canada 

Last week Canadian health authorities said 69 people in five provinces had been sickened with Salmonella after eating Sweet Cream mini pastries, D. Effe T. brand Lemon Delight pastries, and D. Effe T. brand tartlets. 

Twenty-two people have been hospitalized in the Canadian outbreak, but none have died. The FDA said outbreak strains in the two countries match.

CARB-X (Combating Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Biopharmaceutical Accelerator) announced yesterday that it is awarding $3 million to diagnostics company AstraDx to develop a rapid diagnostic test for neonatal sepsis.

The company will use the money to demonstrate the feasibility of a test that uses advanced digital imaging and signal processing to detect and identify pathogens and analyze antimicrobial susceptibility from whole blood drawn from newborns, with results available within hours rather than days. Because neonatal sepsis progresses rapidly and can quickly become life-threatening, immediate treatment with the right antibiotic is necessary.

CARB-X officials say such a test could "represent a major leap forward in neonatal sepsis diagnostics."

"This solution could transform clinical decision-making, enabling timely, targeted treatment in critically vulnerable patients and helping combat antimicrobial resistance on a global scale," Erin Duffy, PhD, chief of research and development at CARB-X, said in a press release.

A leading cause of neonatal, infant mortality

Sepsis is a leading cause of neonatal and infant mortality. The BARNARDS study, published in 2021, estimated that 2.5 million newborns or infants within the first few months of life die annually from sepsis, with the greatest burden seen in low- and middle-income countries. Antimicrobial resistance is making the problem worse, resulting in empiric antibiotic treatment with ineffective antibiotics.

"This partnership is a proud moment for AstraDx, enabling us to get closer to our specific goal of saving newborns," said AstraDx CEO Fran White. "Our system for diagnosing bloodstream infections for even the worst pathogens is designed to be easy to use and affordable for populations worldwide, including underserved populations."

Since its founding in 2016, CARB-X has funded 112 early-stage projects designed to prevent, diagnose, and treat antibiotic-resistant infections. Diagnostics for neonatal sepsis is among four distinct product themes for the most recent round of CARB-X funding.

The Texas Department of State Health Services (DSHS) this week reported a measles outbreak involving school children in Gaines County, which is located southwest of Lubbock. 

In a statement yesterday, the DSHS said six cases have been reported in people whose symptoms began over the past 2 weeks. All are unvaccinated residents of Gaines County.

"Due to the highly contagious nature of this disease, additional cases are likely to occur in Gaines County and the surrounding communities," the DSHS said, adding that it is working with the South Plains Public Health District and Lubbock Public Health to investigate the outbreak.

Separately, the Lynn County Healthcare System, located south of Lubbock, reported a measles case and urged parents to watch children for symptoms and to ensure that they are up to date with measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccination, according to a media report.

In January, health officials in the Houston area reported two measles cases, which marked the state's first since 2023.

Georgia cases involve family members of earlier patient

Elsewhere, the Georgia Department of Public Health today reported two more measles cases in unvaccinated Atlanta residents. In a statement, the group said the patients are family members of a case confirmed in January.

In a monthly measles update today, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said it has received reports of 14 cases this year from five jurisdictions: Alaska, Georgia, New York City, Rhode Island, and Texas. Nine of the cases were part of two outbreaks. All patients were unvaccinated or had an unknown vaccination status. Six were hospitalized for isolation or treatment of complications. 

The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) today reported a variant H1N2 (H1N2v) infection today involving an adult in Iowa, the nation's first variant flu case of the 2024-25 season.

The patient was sick during the week ending January 18, was hospitalized, and has since recovered, the CDC said in its latest weekly FluView update. 

Iowa health officials who investigated the case didn't identify any direct or indirect contact with swine or any other illnesses among the patient's contacts. No sign of human-to-human spread is linked to the case.

Variant flu doesn't spread easily among people

Sporadic variant flu cases occur in the United States, and most cases are tied to exposure to pigs, but human-to-human transmission can occur, though the viruses don't spread easily among people.

Last season there were nine variant flu cases, including four involving the H1N2v strain. Three of those cases involved Pennsylvania residents who were exposed to pigs.

Conjunctivitis ("pink eye") is the most common mpox complication of the eyes, followed by impaired vision, keratitis, and eye lesions, findings that highlight the need for early recognition, routine eye exams, and effective treatment—particularly in mpox-endemic regions such as Africa and in patients with weakened immune systems, a meta-analysis of 25 studies concludes.

For the analysis, published yesterday in the Journal of Infectious Diseases, researchers in India performed a systematic review of studies on mpox-related ophthalmic complications published up to September 8, 2024.

"Recent outbreaks of monkeypox (Mpox) have raised concerns about its complications, including ophthalmic manifestations such as conjunctivitis, keratitis, and potential vision impairment," the authors wrote. "The lack of comprehensive data on these ocular complications hinders the development of effective clinical guidelines."

Prompt recognition, treatment required

The pooled prevalence of conjunctivitis in mpox patients was 8.9%, followed by impaired vision (4.3%), keratitis (3.4%), and eye lesions (3.4%). Other mpox-related eye complications had a pooled prevalence of 12.4%. The notable rate of keratitis is clinically relevant because, without prompt recognition and treatment, it can lead to poor outcomes such as corneal ulceration and vision loss, the researchers said. 

Routine ocular examinations and timely referrals to ophthalmologists are essential for enhancing patient outcomes.

"In Mpox, direct viral invasion of ocular tissues or immune-mediated damage might account for these manifestations," the authors wrote, adding that complication rates may depend on mpox infection severity, patient demographics, and access to healthcare.

"Routine ocular examinations and timely referrals to ophthalmologists are essential for enhancing patient outcomes," they wrote. "Moreover, preventive measures such as vaccination and prompt antiviral treatments are crucial for reducing disease severity and preventing complications like keratitis and potential vision loss."

"The insights from this study are vital for guiding clinical practice and public health strategies, underscoring the importance of further research to explore risk factors, intervention strategies, and to fill existing gaps in our understanding of Mpox-related ocular complications," they added.

The team noted significant bias and heterogeneity among studies, especially for conjunctivitis and other ocular manifestations, which they said suggests variability in presentation and documentation.