
Two papers published this week in the journal Vaccine suggest outer membrane vesical (OMV)-based meningococcal B (MenB) vaccines could reduce gonorrhea incidence.
The two systematic reviews and meta-analyses, one conducted by researchers from Semmelweis University in Hungary and the other by a team from the University of West Attica in Greece, looked at studies that compared the incidence of gonorrhea in those who received OMV-based MenB vaccines and either unvaccinated individuals or recipients of other meningococcal vaccines.
With an estimated 82 million cases annually, gonorrhea is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. But rising antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae has limited the antibiotic treatment options, leading to growing interest in a gonorrhea vaccine.
Because of the challenges in developing a vaccine against gonorrhea, researchers have also considered whether vaccines that successfully target Neisseria meningitidis could promote cross-protection. Recent research has suggested that the four-component serogroup B meningococcal vaccine (4CMenB) and other OMV-based MenB vaccines might offer such protection.
Evidence of moderate protection
Both papers found evidence from the published literature that OMV-based MenB vaccines could offer moderate protection against gonorrhea. In a quantitative analysis of seven studies, six of which investigated the 4CMenB vaccine, the Hungarian researchers found a pooled vaccine effectiveness (VE) of 38% against gonorrhea infection. Complete vaccination with the full two-dose series was 24% more effective than partial vaccination. When they looked only at the studies of the 4CMenB vaccine, pooled VE was 41%.
"4CMenB OMV vaccine should be prioritised for sexually active individuals over non-OMV alternatives, with emphasis on completing the full vaccination series," the Semmelweis University researcher wrote.
In the other review and meta-analysis, which included nine studies (eight investigating the 4CMenB vaccine), the pooled VE was 30%.
"While randomized clinical trials are necessary, the findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis highlight the potential effectiveness of OMV-based vaccines in terms of gonorrhea prevention," the University of West Attica researchers concluded.
Both groups added that targeting high-risk groups, such as men who has sex with men, should be considered.