COVID-19 can infect dogs and cats, spread among cats, studies find
Two of 15 dogs who shared homes with humans infected with COVID-19 in Hong Kong were also infected, according to a study published today in Nature, and a separate study details experimental infections of cats.
In the first study, RNA from SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, was detected in a 17-year-old male Pomeranian on five swabs collected over 13 days and twice in a 2-year-old male German shepherd; virus was isolated from nasal and oral swabs from that dog.
Both dogs, who remained asymptomatic, had developed antibodies to the disease, and the genetic sequences of their viruses were identical to those of their infected owners. "The evidence suggests that these are instances of human-to-animal transmission of SARS-CoV-2," the authors said. "It is unclear whether infected dogs can transmit the virus to other animals or back to humans."
The researchers also noted that the virus that causes SARS (severe acute respiratory syndrome) was also detected in domestic cats and a dog during the 2003 global outbreak of that disease, which was also caused by a novel coronavirus.
May 14 Nature abstract
In the second study, researchers in the United States and Japan have found that cats can easily become infected with COVID-19 and spread the disease to other cats, according to a letter published yesterday in the New England Journal of Medicine.
The authors inoculated three cats with SARS-CoV-2 isolated from a human patient. Within 3 days, the virus was detected in nasal swabs from all three cats.
The day after inoculation, the scientists placed a non-infected cat in the cages of each infected cat. Within 6 days, all six cats were shedding the virus, as detected in nasal, but not rectal, swabs. The cats continued to shed the virus for as long as 6 days. But the cats never showed symptoms.
The researchers said that people with COVID-19 symptoms should avoid contact with cats and that cat owners should keep their pets indoors.
"If they are quarantined in their house and are worried about passing COVID-19 to children and spouses, they should also worry about giving it to their animals," Peter Halfmann, PhD, a coauthor and professor at the University of Wisconsin at Madison, said in a press release.
May 13 N Engl J Med letter and press release
Study shows a fourth of COVID-19 YouTube videos misinform
A study today in BMJ Global Health found that 27.5% of screened YouTube videos contained misinformation about the novel coronavirus and the disease it causes, COVID-19.
To perform the study, researchers conducted a YouTube search on Mar 21 of English-language videos using the keywords "coronavirus" and "COVID-19," and the top 75 viewed videos from each search were analyzed.
Sixty-nine of the screened videos were included in a content analysis, 19 (27.5%) of which contained inaccurate statements about the virus, including racial conspiracy theories, or misinformation about vaccine development. Those 19 videos got more than 62 million views worldwide; of the 19 non-factual videos, 6 were from entertainment news (32%), 5 were from network news (26%), 5 were from internet news (26%) and 3 were from consumer videos (13%), the authors said. Videos by healthcare professionals and government agencies did not contain inaccuracies.
"As the current COVID-19 pandemic worsens, public health agencies must better use YouTube to deliver timely and accurate information and to minimise the spread of misinformation," the authors concluded. "This may play a significant role in successfully managing the COVID-19 pandemic."
May 14 BMJ Glob Health study
Health groups seek more transparency on remdesivir distribution
The Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and the HIV Medicine Association (HIVMA) today requested a meeting with White House Coronavirus Task Force coordinator Deborah Birx, MD, to discuss continuing concerns about how the antiviral drug remdesivir is being distributed.
The request comes a week after the groups called on Vice President Mike Pence and other members of the Trump administration to be more transparent about how and where the drug, which showed the ability to reduce recovery time in COVID-19 patients in an as-yet unpublished National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) trial, is being distributed to US hospitals. Following that letter, the Department of Health and Human Services announced that doses of remdesivir were being delivered to health departments in six states (Connecticut, New Jersey, Illinois, Iowa, Maryland, and Michigan).
In the letter to Birx, who is now overseeing distribution of the drug, IDSA President Thomas File, MD, MSc, and HIVMA Chair Judith Feinberg, MD, FIDSA, said they supported the strategy to distribute remedesivir through state health departments, but are concerned about regional availability and patient surges across state lines.
They want to meet with Birx to discuss what data is being used to determine how to distribute the drug, what guidance is being given to states as they receive their allotments, how the administration plans to ensure that the drug is reaching populations disproportionately impacted by COVID-19, and whether the drug is being allocated in adequate amounts to safety-net hospitals.
"We are writing because we and many of our members are concerned about continuing uncertainties about how remdesivir will be distributed which are substantially hampering our ability to care for patients with COVID-19," File and Feinberg wrote.
They also asked that data from the NIAID trial be made publicly available so that hospitals can prioritize which patients will receive limited supplies of remdesivir.
The Food and Drug Administration granted an Emergency Use Authorization for remdesivir on May 1. Drug maker Gilead Sciences has committed to supply 607,000 vials of the drug to the United States over the next 6 weeks.
May 14 IDSA/HIVMA letter