US COVID activity continued to decline in many areas, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) said today in its latest updates.

Test positivity for COVID was 13.5% last week, down from 14.9% the week before.

Hospitalizations continue to decline but remain highest in seniors, followed by adults ages 50 to 64 and children younger than age 4 years. 

Emergency department visits dropped about 19% compared to the previous week and are now at low levels across much of the country. 

Deaths held steady, and provisional data show that the CDC received reports of 563 COVID deaths for the week ending September 14.

Detections of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater are still high nationally, according to CDC tacking. The highest levels remain in the West, followed by the Midwest and the South. However, all regions show downward trends.

The latest data from WastewaterSCAN, a national wastewater monitoring system based at Stanford University in partnership with Emory University, show that detections are still high nationally and in the Midwest, with no significant up or down trend over the past 3 weeks.

Very low uptake of COVID, flu vaccines in adults

In its updates today, the CDC also had some respiratory virus vaccine uptake estimates. So far, about 2.8% of adults have received the updated COVID vaccine, and 6.8% have received a seasonal flu vaccine.

Among adults ages 75 and older, 33.1% have reported ever receiving a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine.

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) has confirmed 6 more H5N1 avian flu outbreaks in California dairy herds, raising the state's total to 16 since the virus was first found in the state's Central Valley dairy farms in the middle of August.

The detections push the national total of dairy farm outbreaks to 214 across 14 states.

In another avian flu development, the USDA confirmed highly pathogenic avian flu at a commercial turkey farm in California. The California Department of Food and Agriculture said the detection at the turkey farm is the state's first in domestic poultry since the state was declared free of the virus at the end of June.

Though Merced County is part of California's Central Valley, it's not clear if the turkey farm has any connection to the cattle outbreaks in that part of the state.

FDA advisers to discuss human H5 vaccines

Meanwhile, the Food and Drug Administration vaccine advisory group will discuss the composition of human H5 vaccines as part of preparedness for highly pathogenic as one of three topics at its upcoming meeting on October 10. The other topics on the Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee (VRBPAC) agenda are recommendations on strain selection for seasonal flu vaccines for the Southern Hemisphere's 2025 season and research programs regarding departments that study viral diseases.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) today announced that it has approved self- or caregiver-administered FluMist, making it the first flu vaccine that doesn’t have to be administered by a healthcare provider.

In a statement, the FDA said that MedImmune, the maker of FluMist, plans to offer the vaccine through a third-party pharmacy. People interested in the self or caregiver option will complete a screening and eligibility assessment when they order the vaccine. If eligibility is established, the pharmacy writes the prescription and ships the vaccine to the person who placed the order.

Then the vaccine is given at the household's convenience. The FDA recommends that a caregiver administer FluMist to those ages 2 to 17 years old.

Convenient and accessible

Peter Marks, MD, PhD, who directs the FDA's Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, said the approval gives people a new option for receiving a safe, effective flu vaccine that is more convenient, flexible, and accessible. “"Getting vaccinated each year is the best way to prevent influenza, which causes illness in a substantial proportion of the U.S. population every year and may result in serious complications, including hospitalization and death," he said.

FluMist is the only needle-free seasonal flu vaccine option in the United States and is given intranasally. In use since 2003, the vaccine contains a weakened form of live virus strains.  It is approved for use in people ages 2 through 49 years old. MedImmune is part of AstraZeneca, which filed for FDA approval of self- or caregiver-administration of FluMist in October 2023.

• The number of measles cases reported in the United States this year has risen to 262, up 11 from a week ago, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported today in an update. Of the patients, 107 (41%) have been hospitalized, with the highest percentage of hospitalizations seen in children under 5 (52%). Eighty-eight percent of the case-patients are either unvaccinated or have unknown vaccination status. A total of 13 measles outbreaks have been reported in 2024, compared with 4 reported in all of 2023, and 70% of cases are outbreak-associated. Thirty-two jurisdictions have reported measles cases, including Minnesota, which now has 51 cases from an outbreak that began in May.
• Three countries reported new polio cases this week, according to an update from the Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI). Afghanistan reported one case of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) in Kandahar province, bringing its total number of cases for 2024 to 19. Cameroon reported two cases of circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) from Est province, its first two this year. In Nigeria, 4 cVDPV2 cases were reported from Yobe province, bringing its total number of cases this year to 53. GPEI also reported that the first round of an emergency polio vaccination campaign in Gaza was completed on September 12, with novel oral polio vaccine type 2 provided to an estimated 560,000 children under 10.