COVID-19 infection associated with increased risk of new-onset vascular dementia in older adults

News brief

A new study in npj Dementia using data from the UK Biobank shows that COVID-19 survivors aged 50 and older had a higher likelihood of developing new-onset dementia (NOD) compared to uninfected controls.

A total of 54,757 participants met the inclusion criteria for the study, including 16,017 with COVID-19 and 38,740 non-COVID participants. The median observation period was 24.1 months.

According to the authors, compared with matched non-COVID controls, prior COVID-19 infection was associated with a 41% increased risk of all-cause dementia (hazard ratio [HR], 1.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13 to 1.75). Men, unvaccinated participants, those with high blood pressure, and those with frequent alcohol use had the highest association with NOD.

Georgia adds Lowndes County to CWD zone after deer tests positive within 5 miles of border

News brief

Mary Van Beusekom, MS

Buck in Georgia — Judy Baxter / Flickr cc

The Georgia Department of Natural Resources (GDNR) has added Lowndes County to its chronic wasting disease (CWD) management area after a 2.5-year-old buck tested positive 5 miles from a detection in Lanier County, according to media reports.

In late September, a landowner reported the deer, which was found about 5 miles south of a January 2025 CWD detection in adjacent Lanier County, Douglas Now reports. The new case is the state's third, after a second deer was found in Berrien County in April 2025 just 400 yards from the first Lanier County case. All three adjoining counties are located in south central Georgia, with Lowndes bordering Florida.

GDNR recommends testing deer harvested within area

The GDNR has added the 5-mile radius around the new case, which also includes parts of Lanier and Berrien counties, to the CWD management plan for enhanced surveillance. The GDNR recommends that hunters have any deer harvested from this area tested for CWD.

When we routinely test otherwise healthy-looking deer from those counties any time, we get a positive test we can work with that landowner to collect some additional deer from that immediate area for testing.

Charlie Killmaster, MS

"When we routinely test otherwise healthy-looking deer from those counties any time, we get a positive test we can work with that landowner to collect some additional deer from that immediate area for testing," GDNR Wildlife Biologist Charlie Killmaster, MS, told WALB News 10.

"And that helps us identify the other deer that are most likely to be positive," he added. "In doing that continually over time it has been shown in other states to really limit the growth of the disease in the herd."

CWD is a fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by infectious misfolded proteins called prions. It affects cervids such as deer, moose, and elk and spreads from deer to deer and through environmental contamination. While no human cases have been identified, health authorities advise against eating meat from infected or sick animals.

Avian flu strikes backyard flocks in two states

News brief

Lisa Schnirring

The US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) has confirmed two more H5N1 avian flu outbreaks in poultry, both in backyard flocks.

One detection involves a flock in Montana’s Broadwater County that has 8 birds, and the other affects a flock in North Carolina’s Guilford County with 6 birds.

The outbreaks are part of an early uptick in H5N1 activity in poultry that began in late August, mainly in the Midwest. Over the last 30 days, highly pathogenic avian flu has been confirmed in 27 flocks, 19 commercial and 8 in backyard locations. Over that period, more than 3.8 million birds were affected.

More detections in mammals and wild birds

Also, the USDA reported three more H5 avian flu detections in mammals, including a domestic cat from Los Angeles County in California with a sample collection date of September 19 and a virus confirmation date of September 23. The cat may be one of two from that same household that died after eating commercially sold raw pet food.

The other mammals are a house mouse and a ground squirrel from North Dakota’s Dickey County, both sampled in the middle of September.

This week the USDA reported more than 200 detections in wild birds, much of it from active surveillance in waterfowl, especially in Midwestern states. A few detections involved birds found dead and had samples collected in September in states including Utah, Colorado, and Iowa.